The Level of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Quality Management among Principals of Public Schools in the Sultanate of Oman

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the level of transformational leadership practices, organizational citizenship behaviours, and quality management among school principals in the Sultanate of Oman, as well as to examine the nature of the relationships between these three variables from the principals’ perspectives. A quantitative descriptive approach was adopted, and a researcher-developed questionnaire was used to measure the dimensions of the study variables. The sample consisted of 468 male and female principals from four educational governorates, selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument. The findings revealed that the level of transformational leadership was high across all its dimensions (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation). Organizational citizenship behaviors were also reported at high levels, especially in the dimensions of civic virtue and conscientiousness. Likewise, quality management practices were rated highly, particularly in managing teaching staff and school facilities. The results also indicated statistically significant positive correlations between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors, as well as between both and quality management. The study interpreted the results in light of trait theory and relevant educational frameworks, emphasizing that adopting transformational leadership fosters a positive work environment, stimulates voluntary engagement, and enhances school performance quality. It recommended strengthening leadership development programs for school principals, with a focus on transformational leadership principles, organizational citizenship, and effective quality management.