Clinical Readiness of Nursing Students in Oman: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

Clinical readiness among nursing students is a critical determinant of safe and effective patient care. Despite structured theoretical and clinical education, gaps in clinical competence remain a global concern. This study aimed to assess the readiness of nursing students for clinical practice in Oman and to identify factors influencing their readiness. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative phase was conducted between September 2022 and June 2023 and involved a cross-sectional survey of 235 final-year nursing students from different branches of Oman College of Health Sciences using the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The subsequent qualitative phase included semi-structured interviews with 16 students to further explain the quantitative findings, and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The overall level of clinical readiness was moderate (mean = 2.71 ± 0.34). Higher confidence was reported in communication and problem-solving skills, while lower confidence was observed in patient safety, documentation, and recognition of clinical deterioration. No statistically significant associations were found between readiness and demographic variables. A significant negative correlation was identified between readiness and GPA (r = −0.160, p = 0.014). Qualitative findings revealed three main themes: enhancing self-confidence, progressive learning experiences, and the need for increased hands-on clinical practice. Integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that limited clinical exposure, COVID-19-related disruptions, insufficient supervision, and resource constraints negatively influenced clinical readiness. Although nursing students demonstrated moderate readiness for clinical practice, important gaps remain. Strengthening clinical training, supervision, and experiential learning is essential to enhance preparedness for professional nursing practice.